The problem of infertility and medically assisted reproduction in the Republic of Moldova. Medical, ethical and legislative aspects

Abstract

The right to life is a fundamental attribute of the human being, which must be protected by internal and international legal norms. Moreover, modern legal systems protect life as an absolute right, which obliges every person to respect and protect human life, as well as the right to health, physical and mental integrity of human being. Recently, new medical biotechnologies have been introduced into this broad spectrum of human life through which scientists are actively involved in the emergence of life. This involvement of man nin the creation of life has caused many discussions on moral and legal topics, especially regarding in vitro fertilization and artificially human embryos (in vitro). In the following, we will strive to define the medical, ethical and legal aspects of assisted reproduction technologies that are present in Europe, and especially in the Republic of Moldova. We will carry out a review of different legal practices regarding in vitro fertilization and artificially created embryos, as well as the position of different religions in the field of assisted reproduction. In Republic of Moldova, the IVF method it is successfully practiced since 1995. However, the legal and regulatory frameworks has long had deficiencies thus creating difficulties in the effective use this method. Part of these implementation difficulties have only in 2012 by Law no. 138 on reproductive health and later in 2017 by Order no. 149/23.02.2017 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Moldova regarding medically assisted reproduction.