Abstract
Citizens' participation has become a substantial trend in science and technology policy-making and, especially, in modern biotechnology. I argue that the introduction of citizens' participation should be supported by careful analysis of the modern citizen-S&T relationship. Drawing from the sociology of public understanding of science, I describe three main paradigms of public participation: the enlightenment, the economic and the critical paradigms. Recent initiatives in Finnish biotechnology policy appear to rely on the enlightenment and the economic paradigms alone, while the critical paradigm is marginal. Impulses for increasing citizens' participation are external to the Finnish biotechnology policy context, rather than internal. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
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