The problem of chronic refractory angina; report from the ESC Joint Study Group on the Treatment of Refractory Angina.

Abstract

It has been recognized that there is a group of patients with severe disabling angina and coronary artery disease who are refractory to conventional forms of treatment. Although this issue has already been debated at the level of the National Societies, we felt that it was appropriate to also tackle it at the European level. This is particularly important in view of the rapid pace of growth of this problem and the lack of a standardized approach. This has encouraged the development of a variety of treatments that vary considerably in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety and require proper validation procedures. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the problem and start a process that will lead to improvement and harmonization of the care of patients with refractory angina.