Abstract
It is a commonplace that the application of the Marxist theory of activity to the analysis of the human mind has played a tremendous role in the development of Soviet psychology. It is also a commonplace that the development of Marxist psychology has taken place in an atmosphere of bitter struggle against the paradigms (a term that has today become fashionable) of behaviorism, which attempts to reduce the richness of human life to an elementary stimulus-response schema; Freudianism, which posits instinctually determined unconscious processes as the foundation of all forms of human behavior and regards human life as a continuous struggle with society, which controls those instincts; and cognitivism, which studies mental processes divorced from real human life, in terms of their internal logic, viewed as a system unto itself.
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