Abstract

Early studies, as we have seen, made some basic contributions to psychiatric epidemiology. But around the turn of the nineteenth century further advances were halted by methodologic limitations. These were: (1) inadequate and inaccurate data that seldom were collected uniformly or according to a research design; (2) the absence of a satisfactory nosology; and (3) the lack of prevalence estimates controlled for life expectancy. Of these, the problems with the conceptualization, definition, and classification of mental illness were fundamental. Moreover, they endure hampering investigators’ case-finding efforts and clouding research in this field with imprecision.

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