Abstract
This chapter lays out the principles of quantum theory. Quantum theory emerged when experimental results on matter and radiation were found to diverge from the predictions of classical mechanics. It was found that particles had the properties of waves, and that waves had the properties of particles. That duality is taken into account by the Schrödinger equation and the introduction of a wavefunction. One of the great upsets of classical physics is embodied in the uncertainty principle, which expresses the impossibility of the simultaneous specification of certain pairs of properties. One consequence of duality is the extension of microscopy and diffraction to beyond the electromagnetic spectrum.
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