Abstract
BackgroundPhysical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety. However, it is associated with many different professional, legal, and ethical challenges. Some guidelines and principles have been developed in some countries for appropriate PR use. The present study aimed to explore the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people.MethodsThis was an integrative review. For data collection, a literature search was conducted in Persian and English databases, namely Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed as well as the websites of healthcare organizations and associations. Eligibility criteria were publication in English or Persian between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2021, and description of the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection, while the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument were used for quality appraisal. The data were analyzed through constant comparison.ResultsPrimarily, 772 records were retrieved, while only twenty were eligible for the study. The principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people were categorized into six main categories, namely principles of education for PR use, principles of decision making for PR use, principles of implementing the PR procedure, principles of monitoring patients with PR, principles of PR use documentation, and principles of PR management.ConclusionPR should be used only by trained healthcare providers, with the consent of patient or his/her family members, with standard devices and safe techniques, based on clear guidelines, and under close managerial supervision. Moreover, elderly people with PR should continuously be monitored for any PR-related complications. The findings of the present study can be used for developing clear PR-related guidelines.
Highlights
Physical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety
Hospitalization is associated with many different adverse events and safety issues because most elderly people suffer from poor health status, cognitive impairments, and functional problems and, are at risk for fall, removal of medical devices connected to the body, and injury to self and others [8,9,10,11,12]
This study aimed to explore the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people
Summary
Physical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety It is associated with many different professional, legal, and ethical challenges. Most elderly people suffer from chronic illnesses such as stroke, cancer, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cardiovascular disease These problems require frequent hospitalizations [4,5,6,7]. Hospitalization is associated with many different adverse events and safety issues because most elderly people suffer from poor health status, cognitive impairments, and functional problems and, are at risk for fall, removal of medical devices connected to the body, and injury to self and others [8,9,10,11,12]. The prevalence of PR use for hospitalized elderly people is as high as 33–68% [7]
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