Abstract
The world has been severely challenged by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak since the early 2020s. Worldwide, there have been more than 66 million cases of infection and over 3,880,450 deaths caused by this highly contagious disease. All sections of the population including those who are affected, those who are not affected and those who have recovered from this disease, are suffering physiologically, psychologically or psychophysiologically. In this paper we briefly discuss the consequences of COVID-19 on physiological, psychological and psychophysiological vulnerability. We also attempt to provide evidence in support of exercise management as a prevention strategy for improving and minimizing the physiological, psychological and psychophysiological effects of COVID-19. Moderate exercise including walking, yoga and tai-chi to name but a few exercise regimes are critical in preventing COVID-19 and its complications. Governments, public health authorities and the general population should maintain physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent additional physical and mental distress.
Highlights
There has been a global pandemic of COVID-19 since 2019
Psychophysiological vulnerability during COVID-19 including a wide variety of health disorders, such as headaches, essential hypertension, J
COVID-19 including a wide variety of health disorders, such as headaches, essential hypertension, insomnia, asthma, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions have been insomnia, asthma, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions have been linked with linked with modulation of cortisol levels and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines
Summary
3,880,450 deaths associated with COVID-19 as of 23 June 2021 (World Health Organisation 2021). Research suggests that impaired immunity may be the root cause of physiological, psychological and psychophysiological vulnerability. Psychophysiological vulnerability during COVID-19 including a wide variety of health disorders, such as headaches, essential hypertension, J. COVID-19 including a wide variety of health disorders, such as headaches, essential hypertension, insomnia, asthma, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions have been insomnia, asthma, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions have been linked with linked with modulation of cortisol levels and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the consequences of COVID-19 on physiothis paper is to briefly discuss the consequences of COVID-19 on physiological, psychologilogical, psychological and psychophysiological vulnerability; and to briefly outline the cal and psychophysiological vulnerability; and to briefly outline the mechanisms of how mechanisms of how exercise can help in modulating these factors.
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