Abstract
Purpose The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of single and multiple thyroid nodules and its association with metabolic diseases in subjects who participated in the heath examination in China. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The participants who attend the physical examination at the Health Management Center of Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, between January 2014 and December 2018, were included. Thyroid nodules were diagnosed by thyroid ultrasound. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between metabolic diseases and nodular thyroid disease. Results A total of 9,146 subjects were included in this study; of them, 2,961 were diagnosed with thyroid nodules, with a prevalence of 32.4%. The prevalence in women was significantly higher than that in men (45.2% vs 26.0%; χ2 = 339.56, P < 0.001), and the prevalence was gradually increased with age (Z = 20.05, P < 0.001), and the prevalence was gradually increased with age (Conclusions The prevalence of thyroid nodules was relatively high. Age, female gender, and diabetes are positively associated with nodular thyroid disease. High LDL cholesterolemia is more likely to be associated with multiple thyroid sarcoidosis.
Highlights
In patients with thyroid nodules (N 2961), univariable logistic regression showed that hypertension, high LDL cholesterolemia, Impaired glucose regulation (IGR), and diabetes were significantly associated with onset of multiple thyroid nodules, while other factors suggested no association. e stratified analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were significantly associated with multiple thyroid nodules in men, while higher BMI, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL
E results of this study show that gender is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodule, and its prevalence in women is significantly higher than that in men, which is consistent with the previous reports [22, 32, 33]. e high incidence of thyroid nodules in women is associated with increased demand for thyroid hormones during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menstruating; estrogen can affect the development of thyroid nodules [34]
Our results showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the patients with hypertension, BMI, and metabolic syndrome groups was higher than that in the control group, but no association was found between hypertension, BMI, metabolic syndrome, and thyroid nodules
Summary
With lifestyle and dietary changes, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, hyperuricemia, and obesity are the main chronic diseases affecting the health of residents in China [5,6,7,8]. Previous studies show certain metabolic diseases were significantly associated with thyroid diseases, but the results are not consistent [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. By investigating the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its association with metabolic diseases in participants in Southwest China, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on the subjects participating in the health checkup center, to investigate whether the potential metabolic factors are associated with thyroid nodules in the different populations
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