The prevalence of prediabetes and associated conditions in Ahmedabad population

Abstract

Prediabetes is the borderline of diabetes, the most common disease worldwide, and the prevalence appears to be increasing with weight. Thus, the present study was planned to study the prevalence of prediabetes and its association with body mass index, blood pressure and lipid abnormalities in apparently healthy school, college-going students and adult population. It was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted on 2412 subjects of Ahmedabad of age 12 to 55 years. Body mass index, blood pressure and prediabetes were estimated using standard protocol. Lipid profile, vitamin D, insulin and C-reactive protein were estimated by a trained lab technician. Subjects with fasting blood sugar level ≥ 100 mg/dL and ≤ 125 mg/dL were identified as prediabetics. The data was analysed using SPSS 20 by Pearson’s chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Prediabetes prevalence was 5.09% in 12–17 years age group followed by 28.81% and 33.19% in 18–35 and 36–55 years age group, respectively. Prediabetes was found higher amongst overweight, obese, pre-hypertensive and hypertensive participants than healthy participants. The prevalence of prediabetes was found higher amongst participants who do not indulge in exercise. Junk food and sweet eating frequencies, stress level and socioeconomic status, lipid abnormalities, vitamin D deficiency, hyperinsulinemia and elevated C-reactive protein were found significantly associated with prediabetes. Prediabetes is a lifestyle disorder and its prevalence has increased at an alarming rate with age. Prediabetes and its associated risk factors were found to be common in the city of Ahmedabad which suggests the need for greater public awareness programmes on these morbidities.