Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of health-related behavior changes on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study utilized data from the Korea National Health Examination Survey of adults aged 40 or older who underwent health screening in 2011, 2013, and 2015. The prevalence of MetS was analyzed according to sex, age, income, residence location, and health-related behaviors by conducting multiple logistic regression analysis. For health-related behaviors, smoking, drinking, and physical activity were examined, and changes in health-related behaviors over five years from 2011 to 2015 were included in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS in Korea in 2015 was 31.7%. The prevalence showed statistically significant differences according to sex, age, income, location, and health-related behaviors. The prevalence was higher in men than in women and increased with aging. Regarding income, MetS prevalence was slightly higher in the middle-income groups compared with the lowest or the highest. Regarding location, MetS prevalence was lower in metropolitan areas compared to small- to medium-sized cities and farming/fishery rural areas. Regarding health-related behavior, MetS prevalence increased in the smoking, heavy drinking, and passive activity groups compared with the nonsmoking, moderate drinking, and active activity groups. Regarding health-related behavior change, MetS prevalence was higher by 22% in the short-term nonsmoking group (subjects who smoked in the past but not currently) compared to the continuous nonsmoking group. The risk for MetS also increased by 84.9% in the continuous heavy drinking group compared to the continuous moderate drinking group. Finally, the risk for MetS increased by 30.3% in the continuous passive physical activity group compared to the continuous active physical activity group. This study’s findings indicate the importance of maintaining healthy lifestyle habits to prevent MetS. In particular, the focus for change should be concentrated on short-term nonsmoking, continuous heavy drinking, and continuous passive physical activities to improve health-related behaviors.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is conceptualized as a cluster of conditions with a high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and the presence of MetS is reported to increase the risk for these diseases [1]
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of health-related behavior change on the prevalence of MetS
The prevalence increased in the smoking, heavy drinking, and passive groups compared with the nonsmoking, moderate drinking, and active groups, respectively
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is conceptualized as a cluster of conditions with a high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and the presence of MetS is reported to increase the risk for these diseases [1]. Healthcare 2020, 8, 134 environmental factors (such as smoking, drinking, exercise habits, family history, and education) as well as genetics have been found to be involved [2,3,4,5,6]. According to a meta-analysis study on the relationship between smoking and MetS, there is a significant and positive relationship between active smoking and an increased risk of MetS [2]. Decreased physical activity and an increase in the number of sleeping hours increased MetS prevalence [5]. MetS and cardiac and cerebrovascular disease are believed to be preventable through health-related behaviors such as smoking cessation, moderate drinking, exercise and weight control, and the management of blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol.
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