The prevalence of malocclusion and its association with dental caries among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents

Sajith Vellappally,Mohamed Hashem,Vimal Jacob,Abdul-Aziz Abdullah Al Kheraif,Madhusudan Krishna,Suresh Babu,Seby J Gardens,Sukumaran Anil

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-123

Abstract

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and to determine the association of malocclusion with dental caries.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 243 children with various mental disabilities with or without physical infirmities. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the dentition status were recorded using the World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys – Basic Methods (1997) Pro-forma. The Decayed (D), Missing (M) and Filled (F) components of the DMF index were calculated using the Dentition Status and Treatment Need (DSTN). A Chi-square test, ANOVA, and t-test were used to derive inferential statistics.ResultsThe mean DAI score ± standard deviation was 39.0 ± 12.3. A total of 123 (50.6%) participants (74 males and 49 females) had DAI scores of 36 and above, which indicated a handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment. Sixty-nine (28.4%) adolescents (36 males and 33 females) had DAI scores between 31 and 35, which indicated severe malocclusion, for which orthodontic intervention was desirable. Incisal segment crowding (84.8%) was the most common aspect of the malocclusion. The mean DMFT score was 4.36 ± 3.81, and 82.8% of the participants had a DMFT score > 0. There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean DAI and DMFT scores (r = 0.090, p = 0.15). Only 16 (6.6%) of the adolescents had minor or no anomaly not needing orthodontic treatment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries was found to be high. However, there was no positive correlation between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries among the surveyed disabled adolescents.

Highlights

To assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and to determine the association of malocclusion with dental caries
Studies have revealed that children with a disability have worse oral health and greater treatment needs than healthy children [4,5,6,7,8]
Studies have investigated the prevalence of malocclusion among disabled individuals [11,12,13] and the association of malocclusion and caries among healthy children [14,15], the association of malocclusion and caries among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) has not been reported to date

Summary

Introduction

To assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and to determine the association of malocclusion with dental caries. Children with disabilities may be physically, mentally, or socially challenged and have more marked oral health problems, either because of their actual disability or because of associated medical conditions [1,2]. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) children and adolescents with special health care needs, The oral conditions of children with disabilities are reported to be worse, either due to the existing disability or due to medical, economic or social reasons. Studies have investigated the prevalence of malocclusion among disabled individuals [11,12,13] and the association of malocclusion and caries among healthy children [14,15], the association of malocclusion and caries among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) has not been reported to date

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