The prevalence of fibromyalgia in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting to primary health care and specialized diabetes clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to estimate fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) prevalence in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and explore associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to February 2024 at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, targeting DM patients aged 18 years and above. A non-probability sampling technique was utilized. Participants were screened for FMS using the Arabic fibromyalgia rapid screening tool. Results: A total of 224 participants were included. The prevalence of FMS was 12.5%. A significant gender disparity was observed to be greater in females (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.63-13.2, p = 0.005). No significant correlation was found between FMS prevalence and HbA1c levels (p = 0.215). Moreover, the presence of diabetic complications, namely diabetic foot, was significantly associated with FMS (OR = 5.68, 95% CI: 1.57-20.5, p = 0.007). Noteworthy, a prior diagnosis with psychiatric illness showed higher odds of fibromyalgia (OR= 7.42, 95% CI: 1.88-31.1, p = 0.004) Conclusion: The study revealed a significant prevalence of FMS among DM patients in Riyadh, underscoring the need for healthcare professionals to incorporate FMS screening into routine diabetic care, particularly for females and those with diabetic complications. This approach would ensure a holistic management strategy for DM patients, potentially improving their quality of life. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms linking DM and FMS.