The prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the Russian population in the early 21st century (the ESSE-RF study)

Abstract

Electrocardiography (ECG) takes the lead in assessing the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the population. ECG disorders, grouped in the Major (certain) and Minor (possible) categories, are prognostic markers of a high risk of cardiovascular diseases and sudden cardiac death. Unified assessing methods of ECG disorders prevalence and their associations with socio-demographic parameters have not previously been made in Russia.Aim. To study the prevalence of ECG parameters of certain and possible coronary artery disease among population of Russia, depending on the socio-demographic characteristics — age, sex, education and place of residence (city or country).Material and methods. We used 17504 ECGs from representative samples of population (25-64 years old), who participated in the epidemiological study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation”. The analysis using Minnesota code was carried out among men and women of four age groups, two educational levels, among citizens and countrymen.Results. The highest prevalence was observed in the “Certain” (5,7%) and “Possible signs of CAD” (7,1%) categories, in the “Certain” (3,8%) and “Possible myocardial ischemia” groups (4,9%), the smallest is in the “Rhythm and conduction disorder” (0,7%) and “STT changes in left ventricular hypertrophy” (0,4%) groups. It was shown that the frequency of ECG disorders increases with age, has an sharp increase after 55 years, regardless of sex. In the age dynamics of categories, STT changes and atrial fibrillation have a decrease of gender differences. All groups of ECG disorders are detected more often among men than women, except for STT changes. With an increase in the level of education, the frequency of ECG pathologies decreases, with the exception of the groups of “major” and “minor Q (QS)”, “major rhythm and conduction disorders”. The prevalence of most ECG disorders does not depend on the place of residence. However, signs of major myocardial ischemia in men are more common in country than in the city (3,9% vs. 2,7%, p<0,05).Conclusion. The results confirm the patterns identified earlier. There is a steady association of ECG data with socio-demographic characteristics.