The prevalence of ear, nose and throat disorders in preschool children with Down's syndrome in Glasgow

Abstract

Guidelines suggest that all children with Down's syndrome have hearing testing on a regular basis. Since 2004, the ear, nose and throat (ENT), audiology and education services have conducted a joint clinic for annual ENT health and hearing surveillance of all preschool children with Down's syndrome in Greater Glasgow. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of ENT problems in this well-defined birth cohort, and the proportion of children for whom ENT surgery is required. A prospective database has been kept since 2004, detailing the ENT health status of every child attending the community-based surveillance clinic. Between September 2004 and September 2008, 87 preschool (aged 9 months to 6 years) children with Down's syndrome were sent appointments for the clinic. Of these, 48 (55%) were female and 39 were male. Data were available for 79 (91%). Over the course of the study, 37% were listed for surgery at some point, either adenotonsillectomy for obstructive symptoms or grommet insertion for otitis media with effusion (OME). The prevalence of OME was 93% at age 1, falling to 68% by age 5. None had significant sensorineural hearing impairment. Obstructive symptoms were also common, with 79% of children having either currently symptomatic upper airways obstruction or a history of adenotonsillectomy by age 5. One child had laryngomalacia and two had symptomatic congenital subglottic stenosis. The prevalence of ENT problems in these children is high. Surgical intervention is frequently required. We advocate a proactive approach of regular ENT and audiology surveillance leading to early intervention, with the aim of maximizing health and educational achievement in the long term.