Abstract
Introduction 
 Colour vision deficiency (CVD) is an X-linked recessive disease. The prevalence of CVD varies from race to race. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CVD among school children (ages 10-16) in Galle educational zone, Sri Lanka.
 Methods
 A total of 566 students (260 males, 306 females) were examined with Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic colour plates. The parental questionnaire was used to obtain a family history of CVD, the ability of the child to select coloured objects and past medical history. 
 Results
 The overall prevalence of CVD was 1.4% (8 boys) with a prevalence of 3.1% for males. Six Sinhala, one Tamil and one Muslim boy had CVD. All affected children had negative histories of previous systemic and ocular disease or chronic use of medications. The visual acuity and the fundus were normal in all affected children. Seven (1.23%) had deuteranomaly, while one (0.17%) had protanomaly. 75% (06) of the parents were unaware of their child's defect, while 12.5% (01) reported a positive family history. Parental reporting of difficulties in selecting coloured objects in the child's day-to-day activities were not significant (p>0.05 Fisher's exact test). CVD children had reported difficulties in identifying colour objects in television/computer programmes and separation of cooked from uncooked food (p
Highlights
X-linked recessive hereditary disorders is the main cause of colour vision deficiency (CVD)
The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of CVD in school children of 10-16 year age group in the Galle education zone, Sri Lanka and to determine the effects of colour vision deficiency on education and day-to-day life
Parents reported difficulties and child reported difficulties in colour perception were compared with 32 healthy age matched controls who were selected from the same school of the respective CVD patients
Summary
X-linked recessive hereditary disorders is the main cause of colour vision deficiency (CVD). In various stages of human evolution, colour perception has played a vital role in survival. Colour perception may not play a significant role in survival. The implications of colour perception extend across sports, driving, educational activities, occupation, and personal safety. A survey of dictionaries of the languages spoken by the populations for which red-green CVD data are available confirmed that distinct words for “blue” are rare near the equator and more common at higher latitudes [3]. This signifies the evolutionary, physiological pressure of CVD in regional languages and literature
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