Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (NG AMR) has become an urgent concern globally. The World Health Organization, the United States of America Centers for Disease Control, and other regulators have called to improve resistance-testing methods to enhance NG AMR surveillance. NG AMR surveillance remains critical in informing treatment; unfortunately, this is often lacking in settings with limited resources, such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). We conducted a systematic review and a prevalence meta-analysis, and provided an overview of NG AMR in PNG. We showed the lack of NG AMR data in the last decade, and emphasized the need for NG AMR surveillance in PNG. Since NG AMR testing by the NG culture method is unreliable in PNG, we suggested using molecular tests to complement and enhance NG AMR surveillance.
Highlights
One of the most urgent threats to sexual health globally is the progressive development and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (NG AMR) [1,2]
NG can develop resistance in two main ways: through plasmid-mediated resistance (PMR), and, to a greater extent, through chromosomally mediated resistance (CMR), with the latter bolstered by frequent genetic material exchange with commensal Neisseria species [3]
Our analysis aimed to provide an overview of the NG AMR trend, and discuss the need to explore molecular testing methods to supplement and complement the culture method for NG AMR surveillance in Papua New Guinea (PNG)
Summary
One of the most urgent threats to sexual health globally is the progressive development and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (NG AMR) [1,2]. Some public health commentators have predicted that NG infection may be becoming untreatable [1,2,4]. In response to this threat, the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA-CDC), and other regulators have developed global action plans for improving the management of NG. The “gold standard” for NG AMR testing is the culture method [7]. It can be unreliable and challenging to maintain in settings with limited resources [8,9]
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