THE PREVALENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PREDICTORS OF HYPERTENSION PHENOTYPES IN A CHINESE POPULATION

Abstract

Objective: Different phenotypes of hypertension are associated with varying degrees of cardiovascular risk. However, there is limited data available regarding the features and predictors of hypertension phenotypes in Chinese populations. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of different patterns of hypertension in a Chinese population. Design and method: In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed, and a total of 13,073 community participants were included. Hypertension phenotypes were defined as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, systolic blood pressure (SBP) no less than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, SBP less than 140 mmHg and DBP no less than 90 mmHg), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH, SBP on less than 140 mmHg and DBP no less than 90 mmHg). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate the predictors of various hypertension phenotypes. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.1 years, and 8625 (66%) were women. The prevalence rates of normotension, ISH, IDH, and SDH were 77.7%, 15.6%, 1.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. Compared with the normotensive group, participants with ISH were more likely to be older, men, overweight, obese, presenting with abdominal obesity, artery stiffness, and diabetes, as well as having lower levels of serum creatinine. Patients with IDH demonstrated a higher likelihood of being younger, men, presenting with abdominal obesity, and having higher levels of heart rate compared to normotensive individuals. Furthermore, male gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, artery stiffness, and higher levels of heart rate were predictors for SDH compared to normotension. Conclusions: Male gender and abdominal obesity were identified as common risk factors for three phenotypes of hypertension. However, age had a varying effect on the prevalence of distinct patterns of hypertension.