The prevalence, angiographic profile and clinical features, management, and outcomes of coronary artery perforation secondary to percutaneous coronary interventions in Pakistan: a retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

We conducted a retrospective study of the patients who have undergone PCI at our institution from January 2015 to December 2021. During this duration, all the patients who had developed CAP based on angiographic review during the PCI were selected. The demographic, clinical, angiographic, procedure-related features, management of the CAP, and in-hospital and follow-up outcomes were gathered. Thirty-five thousand fifty-nine patients underwent PCI among which, only 93 (0.26%) patients were complicated with (CAP. Fifty-eight (62.4%) patients were in the 50-70 years age range. The most common vessel involved was the left anterior descending (36.5%) followed by the right coronary artery (32.3%). The angiographic calcification was present in 51.6% of patients, significant tortuosity greater than 90° was seen in 48.4% of patients, chronic total occlusion was observed in 42% of patients and In-stent restenosis was found in 8.6% patients. The highest mortality of four patients was seen in the CAP involving the right coronary artery. Mostly the CAP involves large vessel perforations however both, the distal and large vessel perforations are related to the increased incidence of adverse clinical results which indicates the significance of the prevention and early identification and treatment of the perforation.