The Prevalence and Structure of ENT Diseases in Children

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyze information on the structure and prevalence of ENT diseases in children. Materials and methods. For the analysis of morbidity, the structure of diseases, long-term morbidity, its trends and periodicity were assessed. The intensity and dynamics of the epidemic process of diseases of the upper respiratory tract were studied. According to the developed questionnaire, an anamnesis was collected, the conditions and place of residence, the frequency of visits to medical institutions, the level of medical care provided, the presence of diseases of the ENT organs and other organs and systems of the body were clarified. A detailed statistical analysis of the structure and prevalence of diseases of the ENT organs was carried out according to the extract from the case histories of patients in the ENT departments of the clinical hospital during 2015-2019. The bulk of the examined children were aged 4-7 years (40.0%) and 8-14 years (60.0%). Results and discussion. Angina and chronic tonsillitis can be a common reason for the high incidence of various forms of infectious heart disease and cardiomyopathies. The transnasal route of penetration provides the damaging effect of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the ENT organs. In the study of the structure of the incidence of ENT organs for the period from 2015 to 2019 on the basis of specialized medical institutions and ENT departments, we found that the largest nosological group is diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, an average of 55.7%, which corresponds to the data of international literary sources. In second place in terms of frequency of occurrence is ear pathology – an average of 37.5%. Diseases of the pharynx and larynx are in third place in terms of general ENT morbidity, on average 6.9%. In the structure of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, on average for 5 years, purulent diseases of the paranasal sinuses prevail: acute sinusitis 20.7% and chronic sinusitis 7.8%. Conclusion. When studying the incidence of the upper respiratory tract and ear according to statistical data, reflecting the main indicators of the health of the child population of the country aged 4 to 14 years, it was found that diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses have the largest share in the structure of the incidence of children. The share of chronic ear diseases in the structure of the total morbidity is 37.5±1.2%, while there is a tendency to increase in prevalence in the first four years