The Prevalence and Determinants of Return to Work in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors

Abstract

To assess the employment status in working-age survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore clinical, treatment, and sociodemographic factors that may facilitate or impede successful return to work (RTW). This Canadian study was part of a larger cross-sectional study assessing late toxicities in 107 disease-free survivors of NPC who received curative-intent intensity modulated radiation therapy ≥4 years earlier. For this substudy, eligible participants were employed at diagnosis and were of working age (<65 years) at study enrollment. Patient-reported work status (modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Work Status Questionnaire), quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck questionnaire), symptom burden (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for head and neck cancer), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), neurobehavioral functioning (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale), and neurocognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the impact of variables on RTW status. Among 73 eligible patients, the median age was 53 years (range, 32-64) and median time from intensity modulated radiation therapy completion was 7.3 years (range, 4.2-11.1). At enrollment, 45 (62%) were working, of whom 14 (31%) had reduced work hours from diagnosis by a median of 12 h/wk (range, 4-30). Overall, mean work hours decreased from 41.6 to 37.8 h/wk (P = .005). Currently employed (vs unemployed) patients were younger (P = .017) and reported better performance status (P = .013). They had higher quality of life (P = .044), lower symptom burden (P = .03), less significant change from their baseline neurobehavioral function (P = .008), and disability (P = .0025) or private health benefits (P= .035). Anxiety, depression, occupation type, income, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score were not significantly associated with RTW in the univariable analysis. Age, change in baseline neurobehavioral function, and having private health benefits were all independent predictors of RTW. The majority of long-term survivors of NPC do RTW, although almost one-third report working fewer hours. Prospective research is needed to better understand and facilitate successful RTW in survivors of NPC.