Abstract
The genus Carmovirus of the family Tombusviridae consists of the members having isometric virion particles with positive sense ssRNA genome of 4.0–4.8 kb encoding five proteins. In India, till date four carmoviruses were reported viz., blackgram mottle virus (BMoV), carnation mottle virus (CarMV), melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV). BMoV and SYMMV are the legume infecting carmoviruses, which differs by serology and symptomatology. The Indian isolate of CarMV is a wide spread and distinct from other isolates. The Indian isoate of SYMMV is distinct from the SYMMV isolates occurring in the other countries being highly sap transmissible to guarbean, French bean, mungbean, soybean and urdbean with the distinct symptoms. Polyclonal antiserum developed against the recombinant coat protein of the Indian isolate of SYMMV can be utilized for successful detection of SYMMV in various plant samples. However, there is a great need to exploit these carmoviruses for further understanding the process of replication, gene expression, and exploiting them as gene expression vector for the expression of heterologous proteins in plant and as virus induced gene silencing vector for studying gene functions in legume crops. This chapter summarises the research work conducted on carmoviruses occurring in India.
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