Abstract
Colorectal (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Most tumors develop from an adenoma in a period of 10 to 15 years, but some may appear without previous adenomatous lesions. Seventy-five percent of colorectal cancers are sporadic, 20% have a family component (first or second-degree relatives with CRC) and 5% have a hereditary predisposition with a Mendelian pattern. The epidemiological evolution in the recent years in Chile has a worrisome evolution and the treatment costs of advanced stages are a burden for the healthcare system. We herein highlight the main Chilean medical and scientific contributions on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC, which lead to its better understanding, and therefore better management, based on local evidence.
Highlights
Colorectal (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide
Most tumors develop from an adenoma in a period of 10 to 15 years, but some may appear without previous adenomatous lesions
Seventy-five percent of colorectal cancers are sporadic, 20% have a family component and 5% have a hereditary predisposition with a Mendelian pattern
Summary
Colorectal (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Most tumors develop from an adenoma in a period of 10 to 15 years, but some may appear without previous adenomatous lesions. Seventy-five percent of colorectal cancers are sporadic, 20% have a family component (first or second-degree relatives with CRC) and 5% have a hereditary predisposition with a Mendelian pattern. The epidemiological evolution in the recent years in Chile has a worrisome evolution and the treatment costs of advanced stages are a burden for the healthcare system. We highlight the main Chilean medical and scientific contributions on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC, which lead to its better understanding, and better management, based on local evidence. (Rev Med Chile 2020; 148: 858-867) Key words: Diagnosis; Neoplasm; Therapeutics; Translational Medical Research
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