Abstract
The implementation of peptide-based molecules within the medical field has vast potential, owing to their unique nature and predictable physicochemical profiles. However, peptide therapeutic usage is hindered by delivery-related challenges, meaning that their formulations must be altered to overcome these limitations. This process could be propelled by applying microfluidics (MFs) due to its highly controllable and adaptable attributes; however, therapeutic research within this field is extremely limited. Peptides possess multifunctional roles within therapeutic formulations, ranging from enhancing target specificity to acting as the active component of the medicine. Diagnostically, MFs are well explored in the field of peptides, as MFs provide an unsullied platform to provide fast yet accurate examinations. The capacity to add attributes, such as integrated sensors and microwells, to the MF chip, only enhances the attractiveness of MFs as a diagnostic platform. The structural individuality of peptides makes them prime candidates for diagnostic purposes, for example, antigen detection and isolation. Therefore, this review provides a useful insight into the current applications of MFs for peptide-based therapy and diagnostics and highlights potential gaps in the field that are yet to be explored or optimized.
Highlights
Peptide-based molecules fall into two distinct classes
It is possible that the process designed by Jain et al [55] would be adaptable to a microfluidic approach, which exploited ultrashort peptides (USPs) to control gold NP
As peptide incorporation within the system is a relatively new concept, it can be expected that the interest and results obtained by combining the two will both increase and improve dramatically soon
Summary
Peptide-based molecules fall into two distinct classes. The first class consist of peptides, which are short chains of amino acids (AAs), generally considered to be 2–50 AAs in length [1,2,3], that depending on their chemical composition, can perform a wide variety of functions, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Their chemical nature often makes their metabolism predictable [11], which is very useful for administration, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) calculations; frequently, the unmodified peptide will have a very unfavorable ADME profile. For this reason, administrative formulation methods like nanoencapsulation, pegylation and peptide-implant reservoirs must be exploited to allow optimized delivery of the peptides. This review will discuss in-depth how MFs can be utilized as an accomplished synthetic process to produce peptides or formulate them into medicine while highlighting its capacity to provide a contemporary theranostic function.
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