The Preparation andIn VitroEvaluations of a Nanoscaled Injectable Bone Repair Material

Xinhui Liu,Yueling Yan,Chuanyong Hou,Guoping Guan,Qingling Feng,Yelin Yang,Yijiong Li,Hua Wang,Chao Zhu

doi:10.1155/2015/858493

Abstract

There are usually two forms of bone repair materials, block and granular, for common clinical use. This paper describes a novel injectable material, nano-HA/collagen/alginate (nHAC/Alg) composite biomaterial, including its preparation and evaluationsin vitro. Based on the idea of bionics and the study of collagen/calcium phosphate salt composite materials, the injectable bone repair material was developed. Then, human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on the nHAC/Alg material. The cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated with inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test. The results showed that nHAC/Alg not only had no negative effect on cellular functions but also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic cells, which suggests that the nanoscaled injectable bone repair material has good clinical application prospects for bone repair.

Highlights

Bone substitute is a common tool used in orthopaedics and dentistry to bridge bone deficiencies that may be due to trauma, disease, or surgery [1]
In 2006, Liu and his team developed a novel injectable bone substitute material which consists of chitosan, citric acid, and glucose solution as the liquid phase and tricalcium phosphate powder as the solid phase [10]
In 2013, D’Este and his members showed a wellestablished trend for bone substitutes, called combination of hydrogels and calcium phosphate particles [14], while Lian and his members developed a kind of mineralized collagen based composite nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly called VCM/nHAC/PLA which showed good biocompatibilities Journal of Nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo [15]

Summary

Introduction

Bone substitute is a common tool used in orthopaedics and dentistry to bridge bone deficiencies that may be due to trauma, disease, or surgery [1]. In 2006, Liu and his team developed a novel injectable bone substitute material which consists of chitosan, citric acid, and glucose solution as the liquid phase and tricalcium phosphate powder as the solid phase [10]. In 2012, Hu and his team composited a kind of compound of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) and nano-HA/collagen (nHAC) as an injectable and self-setting scaffold in bone graft substitute [13]. In 2013, D’Este and his members showed a wellestablished trend for bone substitutes, called combination of hydrogels and calcium phosphate particles [14], while Lian and his members developed a kind of mineralized collagen based composite nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly called VCM/nHAC/PLA which showed good biocompatibilities. In 2014, Chen and his team developed the nHAC/CSH composite as an injectable bone repair material with controllable injectability and self-setting properties prepared by introducing CSH into nHAC [16].

Materials and Methods

Scanning Electron Microscope Observation

Inverted Microscope Observation

Discussion

Findings

Conclusion