Abstract

Polysaccharides are ubiquitous biomolecules found in nature that contain various biological and pharmacological activities that are employed in functional foods and therapeutic agents. Natural polysaccharides are obtained mainly by extraction and purification, which may serve as reliable procedures to enhance the quality and the yield of polysaccharide products. Moreover, structural analysis of polysaccharides proves to be promising and crucial for elucidating structure–activity relationships. Therefore, this report summarizes the recent developments and applications in extraction, separation, purification, and structural analysis of polysaccharides of plants and fungi.

Highlights

  • Polysaccharides are polymers comprising monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic bonds

  • [10], we review the more recent progress in the development of holistic processes for polysaccharides have been reported by Lei [10], we review the more recent progress in the polysaccharide including separation, purification, and structure analysis

  • Recent research suggests that the ultrasonic extraction method could significantly improve the rate of polysaccharide dissolution, whereas prolonged exposure to ultrasound may change the advanced structure of polysaccharides and affect the biological activity

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Summary

A Review of Recent Development

Yan Ren 1, *, Yueping Bai 1 , Zhidan Zhang 2, *, Wenlong Cai 3 and Antonio Del Rio Flores 3.

Introduction
Extraction
Ultrasonic Extraction
Microwave Extraction
Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Subcritical Water Extraction
Other Extraction Methods
Separation and Purification of Polysaccharides
Protein Removal
Pigment Removal
Purification of Polysaccharides
Precipitation
Chromatographic Separation
Anion-Exchange Column Chromatography
Method
Gel Column Chromatography
Other Polysaccharide
Detection of Polysaccharide Homogeneity
Chromatography
Other Methods
Determination of Molecular Weight of Polysaccharides
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Gel Permeation Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry
Monosaccharide Composition
High-Performance Liquid Phase Chromatography
High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis
Ion Chromatography
Formation of Methyl Glycosides
Methylation Analysis
Periodate Oxidation
Smith Degradation Reaction
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Infrared Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Common Method
Conformational
X-ray Diffraction
Circular Dichroism Chromatography
Conclusions

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