The predictive value of hematological markers in renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract

621 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for about 3% of adult malignancies, is regarded as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective biomarker of systemic inflammation that has been linked to oncologic outcomes in a variety of malignancies. The objective of this study is to determine whether NLR, along with other hematological parameters such as absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute eosinophil count (AEC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII; defined as neutrophils counts X platelets counts divided by lymphocyte count), are related to baseline distant metastases and overall survival (OS) in RCC patients. Methods: Clinical data from 203 RCC patients treated at King Hussein Cancer Center (Amman, Jordan) were retrospectively reviewed. We examined the relationship between age, sex, ANC, AMC, ALC, AEC, NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII with baseline distant metastasis and patients’ OS. Results: Of the 203 patients, 97 patients (48.5%) were stage 4 at the time of diagnosis. Univariate analysis showed that patients with high baseline ANC (>5400), AMC (>600), AEC (>120), NLR (>4.36), MLR (>0.33), PLR (>140.44), WBC count (>8.2), SII (>757.7) and low baseline ALC (≤1900) had more baseline metastasis. (p-value: <0.001, 0.007, 0.020, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.006, <0.001, and 0.004, respectively). On multivariate analysis, patients who had elevated NLR (>4.36) were more likely to have distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p-value = 0.0076, odds ratio (OR): 4.45, CI: 1.49–13.33). Moreover, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that patients with elevated NLR (>4.36) were associated with poorer OS (p-value: <0.0001 and 0.0065, respectively). In addition, patients with elevated baseline ANC, AMC, MLR, PLR, SII, WBC count, and low ALC values were associated with poorer OS (p-value: <0.0001, 0.0234, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0290, and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a substantial correlation between several hematological parameters, including NLR, with the presence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis and OS. Further research is required to uncover whether these hematological markers may be used to identify patients who are more likely to develop metastases and predict treatment response.