The predictive role of combined adenosine deaminase activity in Serum and body fluids to diagnose extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

EPTB comprises 10-15% of all TB cases in developing countries. Diagnosis of TB from body fluids like pleural, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is challenging as all these fluid samples possess very few bacilli.: To determine the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay for reliable prediction of EPTB from different body fluids, particularly in low-resource areas with high disease prevalence. This prospective study was out in a rural medical college hospital. An enzymatic deamination method in a kinetic manner was used to monitor the ADA activity. The study processed 100 serum samples from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 from the control group and 100 samples of body fluids from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 control samples. Data were recorded in MS Excel sheets, and statistical analysis was performed using MS Office software. Out of 50 serum samples from the suspected TB patient and control groups, 48 (96%) and 17 (34%) were positive for ADA, respectively. Out of 50 samples of body fluids obtained from both suspected TB patients and the control group, 16 (32%) and 3 (06%) were positive for ADA, respectively.Serum ADA positivity was significantly high in suspected TB patients as compared to the control group In our study,observations suggest that serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurement has good prediction potential for EPTB. Hence, it can be used as a supportive surrogate marker for challenging to diagnose extrapulmonary TB. ADA activity in body fluids is also a sensitive biomarker, especially when combined with serum ADA levels and may become a routine investigation for early detection of extrapulmonary TB. Serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurements have good prediction potential for PTB & EPTB.