The Prediction of Stiffness Reduction Non-Linear Phase in Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Muhtar Muhtar

doi:10.3390/f11121313

Abstract

This paper discusses the reduction of the stiffness of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams to support the use of bamboo as an environmentally friendly building material. Calculation of cross-section stiffness in numerical analysis is very important, especially in the non-linear phase. After the initial crack occurs, the stiffness of the cross-section will decrease with increasing load and crack propagation. The calculation of the stiffness in the cross-section of the concrete beam in the non-linear phase is usually approximated by giving a reduction in stiffness. ACI 318-14 provides an alternative, reducing the stiffness of the plastic post-linear beam section through the moment of inertia (I) of the beam section for elastic analysis between 0.50Ig–0.25Ig. This study aims to predict the value of the reduction in the stiffness of the BRC beam section in the non-linear phase through the load-displacement relationship of experimental results validated by the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method. The experiment used 8 BRC beams and one steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beam of singly reinforced with a size of 75 mm × 150 mm × 1100 mm. The beams were tested using a four-point loading method. The analysis results showed that the value of the stiffness reduction in the beam cross-sectional in the non-linear phase ranged from 0.5Ig–0.05Ig for BRC beams, and 0.75Ig–0.40Ig for SRC beams.

Highlights

The impact of increasing industrial development is that it can cause pollution of air, water, soil, and noise
Muhtar et al [7] tested the flexural of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beams, the results showed that the stiffness decreased after the initial cracking
The average ultimate load of the BRC beam occurs at a load of 31.31 kN or 97.27% of the theoretical collapse load of 32.19 kN

Summary

Introduction

The impact of increasing industrial development is that it can cause pollution of air, water, soil, and noise. The use of industrial building materials such as ceramics, steel, concrete, and other materials has led to an increase in environmental pollution. The procurement of wood forests or bamboo forests must be done as a counterweight to environmental pollution. The use of environmentally friendly building materials such as wood and bamboo must be done. Bamboo is a forest product that provides high economic and ecological value to the community. Bamboo is one of the commodities produced by Community Forests. Research on the behavior of bamboo as a building material is mandatory, such as research on the stiffness of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) beams

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