Abstract

The paper considers the effects of force fields on turbulent shear flows and the extent to which observed phenomena can be accounted for by turbulence models developed by reference to flows unaffected by body forces. Especial emphasis is placed on second—moment closure as at this level the direct effects of force fields appear in the second—moment equations in a form that can be treated exactly. To display the capabilities of the most simple second—moment closure, a selection of test cases is presented including examples in which buoyant, Coriolis and centrifugal forces exert an important influence.

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