The predicted effectiveness of thermal condition mitigation strategies for a climate-resilient archaeological park

Abstract

The study aims to predict the effectiveness of three mitigation strategies in improving the thermal comfort of the visitor area at the Prambanan Temple Tourism Park formulated in the previous research, namely: cooling effects of a park surrounding the visitor area, cool transparent coating on the temple stones, and the placement of potted tree clusters (green parasols) based on strolling comfort distance. This study used validated ENVI-met microclimate models to predict the effectiveness measured by reducing the mean Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) value in the visitor area on the hottest day and during hottest hours caused by the implementation of each strategy. The simulation results show the role of shading created by green parasols in decreasing the PET value in the visitor area, i.e. 2.53 °C. Meanwhile, The PET values decrease by 1.75 °C due to the cool transparent coating and only by 0.23 °C due to the park surrounding the visitor area. The most significant reduction in the PET value by the park with 5 m high trees and a sparse grid layout compared to 10 park variants is found more related to the layout density.