The predatory tactics of Caranx melampygus and the response of its prey

Abstract

Caranx melampygus is a diurnally active reef predator and observations on its hunting activity and upon the way prey species respond to it suggest that it uses an optimal foraging strategy. Within this strategy Caranx adopts a number of behavioural tactics that provide the flexibility needed to exploit a wide range of prey species. Hunting in the channel or over the fore-reef slope may be performed by solitary individuals, inter- or intra-specific groups or in association with substrate disturbing species. On most occasions Caranx depend upon speed and surprise when attacking their prey, using topographic and other features to conceal their approach. They will at times accelerate into an area of high prey density before they are in visual contact with the prey which suggests they are able to recognise areas in terms of their relative profitability. Prey species have been shown to react to the size and group size of reef predators as well as to their behaviour.