The pragmatics of pronominal clitics and propositional attitudes

Abstract

In this paper I have used pronominal clitics in Italian in combination with verbs of propositional attitude to shed light on opacity effects due to intru - sive pragmatics (at the level of free enrichments/explicatures). Certain problems discussed by Schiffer (2000) disappear completely, when the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of propositional clitics are discussed and such considerations are extended to propositional attitudes in general. In this paper, I add that a proposi- tional clause must be in an appositional relationship (resulting from free enrich- ment and, thus, not actually present in the syntax) with the that-clause embedded in verbs of propositional attitude. I consider the consequences of this position. One of the most cogent results of this paper is that pronominal clitics generally refer back to full propositions (if they refer to propositions at all) and not to mini- mal propositions. I take my own considerations on clitics to give support to inter - esting and important considerations on emergent presuppositions by Kecskes and Zhang (2009).