Abstract
In September 1831, when the prefect of the Pyrenees-Orientales was warning the government in Paris about the ‘effervescing germs’ causing so much unrest in Perpignan, Spanish refugees were the largest refugee group in France, with 2867 individuals formally registered for financial aid and confined to depots. Italian refugees, the second largest group, numbered 1524, while Portuguese refugees totalled 962.1 Their numbers ebbed and flowed over the next years as amnesties permitted the return of all but those most compromised by their past political actions or allegiances. Theirs was a temporary asylum, therefore, and consequently had little lasting impact on public expenditure and the July Monarchy’s conception of asylum.
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