Abstract
Phase diagrams are graphical representations of the states of equilibrium available to materials systems and the influence on the equilibrium states of changes in composition, temperature, and pressure. They are governed by the phase rule, which relates the number of degrees of freedom that an equilibrium has to the number of components and the number of phases occurring in the system. Phase equilibria in unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary systems are discussed, and phase and stability diagrams are applied to an understanding of vacuum sublimation, the removal of copper from liquid lead, the galvannealing of steel, tool steels, the production of Ti-B-C composites, stainless steels, the production of SiC and Si4N3, Al2O3-SiC composites, and processing of the superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7-x.
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