Abstract
BackgroundThere is concern that the internet is playing an increasing role in self-harm and suicide. In this study we systematically review and analyse research literature to determine whether there is evidence that the internet influences the risk of self-harm or suicide in young people.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted using the PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Articles of interest were those that included empirical data on the internet, self-harm or suicide, and young people. The articles were initially screened based on titles and abstracts, then by review of the full publications, after which those included in the review were subjected to data extraction, thematic analysis and quality rating.ResultsYouth who self-harm or are suicidal often make use of the internet. It is most commonly used for constructive reasons such as seeking support and coping strategies, but may exert a negative influence, normalising self-harm and potentially discouraging disclosure or professional help-seeking. The internet has created channels of communication that can be misused to ‘cyber-bully’ peers; both cyber-bullying and general internet use have been found to correlate with increased risk of self-harm, suicidal ideation, and depression. Correlations have also been found between internet exposure and violent methods of self-harm.ConclusionsInternet use may exert both positive and negative effects on young people at risk of self-harm or suicide. Careful high quality research is needed to better understand how internet media may exert negative influences and should also focus on how the internet might be utilised to intervene with vulnerable young people.
Highlights
The media has received considerable attention for its possible role in contributing to suicide through contagion, predominantly in youth [1,2]
Studies were forwarded to the second stage of screening if they met the following criteria: published paper in journal or book; research study; theoretical/non-theoretical paper; population was young people below age 25; and included use of the internet by individuals who experienced suicidal ideation, self-harm, or were suicidal
We have conducted what is to our knowledge the first systematic review of empirical evidence on potential influences of the internet on adolescents at risk of self-harm or suicide
Summary
The media has received considerable attention for its possible role in contributing to suicide through contagion, predominantly in youth [1,2]. Despite concern about its negative impact, the potential support provided by the internet should not be overlooked [8]. The internet may provide a bridge for vulnerable adolescents, giving them instant access to social networks and providing the anonymity to create or discard identities. It is only speculation whether the internet is providing a safe haven, or a space where dangerous behaviours are normalised and encouraged. There is concern that the internet is playing an increasing role in self-harm and suicide. In this study we systematically review and analyse research literature to determine whether there is evidence that the internet influences the risk of self-harm or suicide in young people
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