Abstract
The invasive Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the primary vector of the phloem-infecting bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Candidatus L. asiaticus is the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, a destructive disease of Citrus. While many Citrus species are susceptible to D. citri probing and HLB disease, there are marked behavioral differences in D. citri probing responses and Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus infection severity among Citrus species. Using four mandarin hybrid selections and pummelo plants variably resistant to D. citri probing, oviposition, and survival, we explored probing differences using electropenetrography (EPG), conducted an oviposition and survival study, and determined host plant metabolites using gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS). We found thirty-seven D. citri probing variables to be significantly different among tested mandarin selections and pummelo, in addition to differential oviposition and survivorship abilities on tested plants. We found sixty-three leaf metabolites with eight being significantly different among tested mandarin selections and pummelo. Detailed analysis of probing behavior, oviposition, survivorship, and host plant metabolite concentrations reveals the complex, layered resistance mechanisms utilized by resistant Citrus against D. citri probing. EPG is a powerful technology for screening Asian citrus psyllid resistant Citrus to elucidate host plant-vector interactions, with an aim to minimize vector probing and eliminate the spread of the bacterial pathogen, Ca. L. asiaticus.
Highlights
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an invasive insect in North America and primary vector of the phloem-infecting gram-negative α-proteobacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus [1]
We found resistance factors impacting D. citri probing behavior at all levels of probing, within the cuticle and epidermis, parenchyma tissues en route to the phloem, at the edge of the phloem, and within the phloem sap
Behavioral profiles were developed to describe the cohort of probing behaviors exhibited by D. citri on each host
Summary
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an invasive insect in North America and primary vector of the phloem-infecting gram-negative α-proteobacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus [1]. Diaphorina citri feeds on and transmits Ca. L. asiaticus to many. Citrus species and to several other non-agricultural or ornamental plants within the plant family. Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Ca. L. asiaticus, is a devastating and incurable disease of citrus. HLB has quickly become the most economically important disease of production citrus in
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