Abstract
Providencia stuartii is the most common Providencia species capable of causing human infections. Currently P. stuartii is involved in high incidence of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients. The ability of bacteria to swarm on semisolid (viscous) surfaces and adhere to and invade host cells determines the specificity of the disease pathogenesis and its therapy. In the present study we demonstrated morphological changes of P. stuartii NK cells during migration on the viscous medium and discussed adhesive and invasive properties utilizing the HeLa-M cell line as a host model. To visualize the interaction of P. stuartii NK bacterial cells with eukaryotic cells in vitro scanning electron and confocal microscopy were performed. We found that bacteria P. stuartii NK are able to adhere to and invade HeLa-M epithelial cells and these properties depend on the age of bacterial culture. Also, to invade the host cells the infectious dose of the bacteria is essential. The microphotographs indicate that after incubation of bacterial P. stuartii NK cells together with epithelial cells the bacterial cells both were adhered onto and invaded into the host cells.
Highlights
Gram-negative bacteria Providencia stuartii are ubiquitous in the environment
The clinical isolate P. stuartii NK was obtained from the strain collection of Kazan Federal University, Russia. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry on the MALDI BioTyper (Bruker Daltonik) were performed for bacterial strain identification
HeLa-M cells were used as a mammalian cell model for the experiment and were cultivated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Gibco5, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) and 20 mM l-glutamine at 37∘C under 5% CO2 until subconfluent density
Summary
Gram-negative bacteria Providencia stuartii are ubiquitous in the environment. P. stuartii are known to cause nosocomial infections. Bacterial pathogens use a number of mechanisms to infect their hosts: adhesion, colonization of tissues, and in some cases induction of their uptake by the cell of the macroorganism. Pathogens use intracellular multiplication to spread in other tissues or persist, since the ability to invade cells helps bacteria to evade host defenses [9]. A growing number of bacteria that were so-far considered extracellular have been shown to invade host cells, probably using intracellular compartments for persistence in target tissues [9]. Data presented in this work demonstrate that a clinical isolate of P. stuartii is able to adhere to and invade HeLa-M epithelial cell line The study of these factors is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and the control of infections caused by these bacteria. P. stuartii bacteria can be used as a model of the interactions between opportunistic bacteria and host cells, which are still poorly understood
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