Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death. Vascular injury and immune disorders are the main causes of bone lesions. The traditional conservative treatment of ORN has a low cure rate and high recurrent. Exosomes are a type of extracellular bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by almost all cell types. It contains cytokines, proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive cargos, which contribute to several distinct processes. The favorable biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC exosomes) include angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation. Exploring the characteristic of ORN and MSC exosomes can promote bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of ORN and MSC exosomes and highlighted the potential application of MSC exosomes in ORN treatment.
Highlights
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is regarded as the most destructive complication of radiotherapy [1, 2], which mainly manifests as chronic spontaneous pain, dysphagia, facial deformation, and other symptoms [3]
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exosomes exert their therapeutic effects on ORN through their angiogenesis, immune regulation, bone regeneration, and iron death regulation abilities
MSC exosomes have the ability of angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation, which provides novel insight for the treatment of ORN (Figure 2). erefore, this review will discuss the latest pathogenesis of ORN and the therapeutic mechanism of MSC exosomes
Summary
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is regarded as the most destructive complication of radiotherapy [1, 2], which mainly manifests as chronic spontaneous pain, dysphagia, facial deformation, and other symptoms [3]. It seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death [4]. MSC exosomes exert their therapeutic effects on ORN through their angiogenesis, immune regulation, bone regeneration, and iron death regulation abilities. Exosomes derived from MSCs pretreated with atorvastatin can accelerate wound repair by promoting angiogenesis via the AKT/eNOS pathway [41]. MSC exosomes have the ability of angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation, which provides novel insight for the treatment of ORN (Figure 2). We discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes’ clinical application
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