Abstract
Clonal development (clonogenicity) is an inherent property of a subset of postnatal bone marrow (BM) adherent stromal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from which a multipotent progeny develops in culture. Our data suggest that clonogenicity and BM-MSC expansion are two distinct biological events. This hypothesis is based on the following observations: (1) the beginning of clonal growth is a property strictly dependent on serum and independent of the social context, (2) the expansion of individual clone is influenced by events deriving from a social context during initial growth, (3) clonogenic cells grown in a social context in presence of serum can emancipate themselves to generate a secondary different progeny, and (4) the ability of socially generated clones to develop an inherent potential for further growth suggests that quorum sensing may operate in BM-MSC cultures and determine the potential growth of clonal strains.
Highlights
In biology, quorum sensing (QS) is defined as a process by which cells are able to detect the accumulation of released signals and change their behavior when signal concentration exceeds threshold levels
QS in prokaryotes is based on the “communication between bacterial cells” necessary to organize and regulate internal biological processes within a cell, but that depends on population density [1]
To investigate the development of early colonies, single DiI-labelled stromal bone marrow (BM)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [days 1-15; Figure 1(a), A–C] from fresh unsorted marrow aspirates were seeded and cultured into 100 mm dishes at 8 3 × 103 clonal density in standard condition and monitored by time-lapse microscopy. This analysis documented the existence of two distinct developmental phases of BM mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) characterized in vitro
Summary
Quorum sensing (QS) is defined as a process by which cells are able to detect the accumulation of released signals and change their behavior when signal concentration exceeds threshold levels. QS in prokaryotes is based on the “communication between bacterial cells” necessary to organize and regulate internal biological processes within a cell, but that depends on population density [1]. This mechanism allows in many bacteria species to coordinate behaviors in the entire population [2,3,4]. This interbacterial communication system utilizes small diffusible molecules (inducers) to regulate bacterial gene expression in accordance to population density. Colonization of the large intestine in humans and cattle by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli involves cross-communication of biochemical signaling systems between bacterial pathogens and eukaryotic host cells [5,6,7,8,9]
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