Abstract
Genus Tinospora has been used in traditional medicine throughout various parts of Asia, particularly in India, China, Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia. Its ethnomedicinal uses include treatment for fever, cold, oral ulcer, headaches, diarrhoea, diabetes, digestive disorder and rheumatoid arthritis. Some of its ethnomedicinal uses have been justified via scientific studies, include antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Recently, several studies have been initiated to investigate the role of Tinospora species in wound healing. This comprehensive review used updated information obtained from systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, to assess the wound healing properties of eleven major Tinospora species namely, T. cordifolia, T. crispa, T. sagittata, T. sinensis, T. bakis, T. craveniana, T. tuberculata, T. capillipes, T. rumphii, T. smilacina, and T. baenzigeri. The information obtained revealed that only T. cordifolia and T. crispa have been reported on its wound-healing abilities. Studies demonstrated that T. cordifolia is associated with early re-epithelisation, enhanced tensile strength, increased granulation tissues and increased collagen contents. Whereas T. crispa is reported with wound healing activity through the elevated antioxidant enzymes and inflammation phase. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on phytochemical constituents from plant extracts that contribute to the wound healing process and their underlying mechanisms. This review deduced the potential gaps for future research aiming to study the genus Tinospora as a potential wound healing agent.
Highlights
A wound is an injury to living tissue by a cut, blow or other impacts, which typically causes the disruption of the normal structure and function of the skin and its architecture [1]
This review provides an insight into the wound healing studies conducted on the 11 selected Tinospora subspecies over the last 10 y and focused on the crude or alcoholic or chemical extracts of the plants
A total of 12213 number of articles were retrieved from different sources related to wound healing abilities of Tinospora family
Summary
A wound is an injury to living tissue by a cut, blow or other impacts, which typically causes the disruption of the normal structure and function of the skin and its architecture [1]. The fundamental response to the injury is wound healing which results in restoration of tissue integrity. Wound management includes medical care such as antibiotic and wound debridement (enzymatic, biologic, surgical and irrigation), topical therapy (growth factors, antiseptic and antimicrobials agents) and wound dressings (film, hydrogel, foam, alginate, hydrocolloids) has been utilised [3]. These measures are meant to improve the wound healing environment and prevent infections [3]. The need to discover compounds that improve wound healing through intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation is crucial
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