The potential role of exopolysaccharide from Graesiella sp (chlorophyte Microalga) as dietary supplement against Bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae exhibit beneficial biological activities for human and animal health. The present study was conducted to assess the potential protective effect of exopolysaccharide EPSs extracted from Graesiella sp, against Bisphenol-A toxicity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish were divided into two groups, the first group was fed a basal diet without EPSs and the second one was fed a supplemented diet (1.5% of EPSs) for 55 days. Subsequently, a random sample from each group were intraperitoneally injected with Bisphenol A (BPA) at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant status, plasma biochemistry, tissue histopathology and flesh quality were then assessed after five days of BPA injection. Our results show that EPSs supplementation didn't induce negative effects for all tested parameters. BPA exposure caused a significant increment of hepatic lipid peroxidation and drops by more than 50% in the catalase (CAT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities. BPA induced also a significant increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and numerous hepatic alterations. Interestingly, the BPA damage was reduced in fish fed with EPS-enriched diets suggesting that Graesiella-EPS can be supplemented to prevent BPA damage.