Abstract
Hypertension has become the third highest cause of death in Indonesia. The condition is correlated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and possibly managed with the use of drugs. In addition, some natural compounds, including 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol from ginger, are used to decrease blood pressure. However, the mechanism and binding site of these compounds to ACE protein is currently unclear. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the potential role of these compounds as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The ACE protein was downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) database with the ID: 3bkk, while the 6-shogaol (CID: 5281794) and 6-gingerol (CID: 44559528) ligands were obtained from the PubChem database. Meanwhile, molecular docking was established using HEX 8.0.0 software. The analysis examined the amino acid residues and the bonds formed from these interactions. According to the results, fourteen amino acid residues were formed by the interaction between 6-shogaol and ACE, while the interaction between 6-gingerol and ACE formed eight amino acids. Also, thirteen amino acid residues in the novelty binding site of ACE were discovered to be blocked by the ligands from ginger. Therefore, the compounds have potential roles as inhibitors, and this possibly helps to prevent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. These interactions also formed hydrogen bonds, as well as electrostatic, unfavorable, and hydrophobic sites, making the binding stronger than others.
Highlights
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and pancreatic βcell dysfunction (Ashcroft & Rorsman, 2012; Hameed et al, 2015; Bare et al, 2018)
The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts T2DM prevalence to have increased in Indonesia by 2030
The interaction between 6-gingerol and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was discovered to occur in eight amino acid residues active sites
Summary
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and pancreatic βcell dysfunction (Ashcroft & Rorsman, 2012; Hameed et al, 2015; Bare et al, 2018). Synthetic drugs are able to maintain hypertension by reducing blood pressure. These drugs tend to have side effects. Traditional treatment using natural herbs has provided an effective alternative for reducing blood pressure. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the natural herbs to reduce blood pressure. According to the in-vitro study, ginger extract prevents hypertension and manages blood pressure (Akinyemi et al, 2013). The herb contains bioactive compounds with antagonistic effects on ACE-1 (Liu et al, 2013; Zhao et al, 2018; Bare et al, 2019b). This study analyzed the bioactive compounds in ginger as appropriate nutrients for treating genomic hypertension through ACE inhibition
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
