Abstract
ABSTRACT: One of the relevant economic importances of the “umbuzeiro” (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) to the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil is the fruit processing to obtaining preserves. However, there are limitations in the production and standardization of this product, such as color, taste and texture, which are problems in the quality, identity, making it harder to achieve new markets. This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the potential of “umbu” genotypes (Access 37, Access 44, BRS 48, BRS 52, BRS 55 and BRS 68) registered by Embrapa in the development of preserves. It was evaluated the product pH, total acidity, water activity, soluble solids, moisture, firmness, color (L*, a*, b*), reducing and non-reducing sugars, vitamin C, syneresis and consumer acceptance regarding the overall impression. The CATA method was applied to describe the sensorial profile of the samples. According to the results, it was observed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the physico-chemical composition of the samples, being samples produced from the access 37 and BRS 68 more appropriated for processing of preserves (in bars), with greater firmness and less syneresis. Consumers indicated products from the genotypes 37, 44, BRS 52 and BRS 55 as the ones with highest acceptance regarding the overall impression; the consumers associated the samples in different characterizations, associating the access 37 and BRS 68 with the characteristics of firm and delicious; the commercial sample was characterized as acid, adstringent and terrible.
Highlights
The Spondias tuberosa Arruda, known as “umbuzeiro”, belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and is a tropical fruit tree, native to semiarid regions of the Brazilian northeast region, with high genetic diversity in the regions kwown as Agreste, Cariri and Caatinga (SANTOS et al, 2008)
Over the last few years, some studies have reported that the production generated by the extractive activity of umbuzeiro fruits has declined, which may be related to the reduction of the natural populations, with a consequent risk of extinction (SANTOS et al, 2005)
Generation potential, the cultivation of genotypes with superior and stable characteristics of fruit production is presented as an alternative to ensure the continuity of the fruit supply, reducing the pressure of the extractivism on the natural populations of the species (ARAUJO, 2014; ARAUJO et al, 2016)
Summary
Is a species of great importance for the Caatinga biome, being considered a vegetal product of extractivism with a significant secular role for the family income of the brazillian semiarid Northeastern population, due to its adaptation to the extreme climatic conditions of the region, such as high temperatures and lack of water (SANTOS et al, 2008). Over the last few years, some studies have reported that the production generated by the extractive activity of umbuzeiro fruits has declined, which may be related to the reduction of the natural populations, with a consequent risk of extinction (SANTOS et al, 2005). In this context, aiming the formation of areas with higher income. At the beginning of maturation, the skin is green in color and when ripe, greenish yellow and the greenish-white, soft, juicy pulp with an exotic and sweet-sour taste, presenting soluble solids content around 9.5 ° Brix (GALVÃO et al al., 2011)
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