Abstract
Stereotactic electroencephalogaphy (sEEG) utilizes localized, penetrating depth electrodes to measure electrophysiological brain activity. It is most commonly used in the identification of epileptogenic zones in cases of refractory epilepsy. The implanted electrodes generally provide a sparse sampling of a unique set of brain regions including deeper brain structures such as hippocampus, amygdala and insula that cannot be captured by superficial measurement modalities such as electrocorticography (ECoG). Despite the overlapping clinical application and recent progress in decoding of ECoG for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), sEEG has thus far received comparatively little attention for BCI decoding. Additionally, the success of the related deep-brain stimulation (DBS) implants bodes well for the potential for chronic sEEG applications. This article provides an overview of sEEG technology, BCI-related research, and prospective future directions of sEEG for long-term BCI applications.
Highlights
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs, Wolpaw et al, 2002) have rapidly advanced in recent years, employing a wide variety of communication and control paradigms (Huggins et al, 2017)
ECoG is routinely utilized for monitoring of medication-resistant epilepsy in which the electrodes are implanted for the localization of the seizure origin
While deep-brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes are primarily used for electric stimulation of the brain, the demonstrated longterm efficacy of chronic DBS electrodes suggests the possibility of chronic Stereotactic electroencephalogaphy (sEEG) for BCI applications
Summary
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs, Wolpaw et al, 2002) have rapidly advanced in recent years, employing a wide variety of communication and control paradigms (Huggins et al, 2017). Potential of sEEG for BCI to epilepsy procedures, ECoG can be collected intraoperatively during awake craniotomies for brain tumor resection surgeries. Patients undergoing these procedures are recruited to voluntarily participate in neuroscientific research and, more recently, BCI research. These investigations have allowed for tremendous advances both in the understanding of cortical processes as well as BCI technology. ECoG only provides access to the cortical surface and not key deeper structures such as the hippocampus, insula, Herschl’s gyrus and basal ganglia Another method for intracranial seizure localization employs penetrating depth electrodes that are implanted through small burr holes in the skull. This article provides an overview of sEEG technology, BCI-related research, and prospective future directions of sEEG for long-term BCI applications
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