Abstract
This work presents an overview of the activity developed in the frame of a project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA). The research was focused on the study of the potential applications of GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) over land, with an emphasis on soil moisture (SM) and biomass. A study about the sensitivity with respect to the freeze–thaw dynamics was considered as well. The work started with an analysis of the sensitivity of GNSS-R reflectivity collected by the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TechDemoSat-1</i> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TDS-1</i> ) experimental satellite, although, to a limited extent, the Cyclone GNSS (CyGNSS) constellation was considered as well. The encouraging sensitivity outcomes led to the development of retrieval algorithms: three different approaches for SM and one for biomass based on neural networks.
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