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Abstract
Natural gas is one of the most promising alternative fuels to meet the new stringent Euro 6 emissions regulations in the European Union, as well as the planned CO2 emissions reductions. For spark-ignition (SI) engines, bi-fuel fuelling equipment is widely available and engine conversion technology for European automobiles is well established, thereby facilitating usage of CNG in this engine type. This study investigates the implications of natural gas fuelling of a passenger car featuring a spark-ignition engine regarding the possibility of meeting Euro 6 emissions limits for gaseous pollutants. This paper presents an analysis of CO, THC, NMHC, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, fuelled with CNG, in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on a Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicles with an SI engine equipped with an MPI feeding system operating in closed-loop control, a typical three-way-catalyst, and a heated oxygen sensor. The vehicles had been adapted by their manufacturer for fuelling with CNG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicles tested featured a multipoint gas injection system latest generation. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from automotive vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.
Highlights
Air pollution and the necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions are becoming the main global problems with population growth and the resulting increase in demand for transportation
The main aim of this paper was to determine the influence of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel on emissions in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements
An analysis was performed on a Euro 5 bi-fuel light duty vehicle in comparison to emissions when the vehicle was fuelled with gasoline
Summary
Air pollution and the necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions are becoming the main global problems with population growth and the resulting increase in demand for transportation. The main drivers that have an influence on future personal transportation are [3, 5, 12, 14, 21]: – climate change as the biggest environmental challenge – strong action dedicated for the contribution of the transport sector to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions – global CO2 legislation targets for new passenger cars, – emissions regulatory development at European, US and Asian level – regulation as an incentive for innovation (examples: Euro 5+ and Euro 6, US Tier 2 & 3, CARB LEV II & III, Japanese Long Term Regulations, new hydrogen vehicles regulations, etc.), – automotive growth opportunities in aspects of global energy consumption, – powertrain development from a fuel perspective – alternative fuel resources and blending strategies. Consideration of the effect on CO2 emissions – the achievement of the 2008 commitment and introduction of fleet average limit for CO2 emissions
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