Abstract
In this study, we examined the potentially beneficial effects of bovine colostrum-derived exosomes on UV-induced aging and damage in three major resident skin cells including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. The treatment with colostrum exosomes prevented the UV-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in epidermal keratinocytes. In UV-stimulated melanocytes, colostrum exosomes could also significantly reduce the production of the protective skin-darkening pigment melanin, which may help to reduce the risk of excessive melanin formation causing skin hyperpigmentation disorders. In the human dermal fibroblasts treated with colostrum exosomes, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases was suppressed, whereas increased cell proliferation was accompanied by enhanced production of collagen, a major extracellular matrix component of skin. Taken together, our findings indicate that bovine colostrum-derived exosomes having excellent structural and functional stability offer great potential as natural therapeutic agents to repair UV-irradiated skin aging and damage.
Highlights
IntroductionSkin aging is caused by both intrinsic (genetics) and extrinsic (mental stress, gut microbiome, air pollution, food, and UV exposure) factors [1,2,3]
Skin aging is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors [1,2,3]
With a minor modification of the ultracentrifugation extraction method of the previous study, [22] milk exosomes were obtained from commercialized mature milk and bovine colostrum (Figure 1A)
Summary
Skin aging is caused by both intrinsic (genetics) and extrinsic (mental stress, gut microbiome, air pollution, food, and UV exposure) factors [1,2,3]. UV light is the most common environmental stress to aging and damaging skin cells, and in severe cases it acts as a mutagenic substance leading to cutaneous cancer [4]. UV can react with water molecules in the skin to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause cell apoptosis and gene mutations through oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA [5,6,7]. Exosomes extracted from various stem cells have attracted attention as potential alternatives to stem cell therapy for skin wound healing due to their ability to provide therapeutic benefits without the limitations and risks of stem cells [10,11,12]
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