Abstract
The early detection of cancer favors a greater chance of curative treatment and long-term survival. Exciting new technologies have been developed that can help to catch the disease early. Liquid biopsy is a promising non-invasive tool to detect cancer, even at an early stage, as well as to continuously monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy. Various methods have been implemented to isolate and purify bio-analytes in liquid biopsy specimens. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides consisting of either DNA or RNA that are capable of binding to target molecules with high specificity. Due to their unique properties, they are considered promising recognition ligands for the early detection of cancer by liquid biopsy. A variety of circulating targets have been isolated with high affinity and specificity by facile modification and affinity regulation of the aptamers. In this review, we discuss recent progress in aptamer-mediated liquid biopsy for cancer detection, its associated challenges, and its future potential for clinical applications.
Highlights
The early detection of cancer increases the chances for a cure and the long-term survival of cancer patients [1,2] and is of the utmost importance for optimized cancer treatment
The results showed that the efficiency of cell capture increased from 49% by using aptamer alone to 92% by using al utilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aptamer, indicating the strong potential of AuNP-based microfluidic chip devices for the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)
A strategy based on aptamer recognition-induced multi-DNA release was implemented, where the recognition of the exosomes causes the release of the detected complementary strands and the recognition event produces a decrease in the voltammetric signal of the marker in response to the exosome target
Summary
The early detection of cancer increases the chances for a cure and the long-term survival of cancer patients [1,2] and is of the utmost importance for optimized cancer treatment. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides with unique tertiary structures capable of binding to a wide range of targets, including proteins [27], small molecules [28], metal ions [29], viruses [30], bacteria [31], and whole cells [32]. Nucleic in acid aptamers have emerged as attractive to antibodies small molecules liquid biopsy-based diagnostic, imaging,alternatives and targeting antibodies and smallUnlike molecules in liquid biopsy-based diagnostic, and targeting applications [33,34,35]. Target to the tightest binding candates with prominent characteristics for liquid In find addition, their versatility in didates with prominent characteristics forimproves liquid biopsy.
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