Abstract
This study investigated the surface properties and biomechanical behaviors of a nanostructured titanium oxide (TiO) layer with different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of phosphonate on the surface of microscope slides. The surface properties of SAMs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and contact angle goniometry. Biomechanical behaviors were evaluated using nanoindentation with a diamond Berkovich indenter. Analytical results indicated that the homogenous nanostructured TiO surface was formed on the substrate surface after the plasma oxidation treatment. As the TiO surface was immersed with 11-phosphonoundecanoic acid solution (PUA-SAM/TiO), the formation of a uniform SAM can be observed on the sample surface. Moreover, the binding energy of O 1s demonstrated the presence of the bisphosphonate monolayer on the SAMs-coated samples. It was also found that the PUA-SAM/TiO sample not only possessed a higher wettability performance, but also exhibited low surface contact stiffness. A SAM surface with a high wettability and low contact stiffness could potentially promote biocompatibility and prevent the formation of a stress shielding effect. Therefore, the self-assembled technology is a promising approach that can be applied to the surface modification of biomedical implants for facilitating bone healing and osseointegration.
Highlights
Pure titanium (Ti) is one of the most common metallic biomaterials that has been used in artificial implants owing to its favorable mechanical properties, anti-corrosion performances, excellent biocompatibility, and so on [1,2,3,4,5]
It is clear that the homogenous homogenous nanostructured titanium oxide (TiO) layer was deposited on the substrate surface (Figure 2a)
After being immersed being immersed with four kinds of self-assembled phosphonic acid solutions, it was found that some with four kinds of self-assembled phosphonic acid solutions, it was found that some aggregated aggregated island-like structures were formed on the HDPA-self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)/TiO
Summary
Pure titanium (Ti) is one of the most common metallic biomaterials that has been used in artificial implants owing to its favorable mechanical properties, anti-corrosion performances, excellent biocompatibility, and so on [1,2,3,4,5]. There are still some drawbacks from Ti implants that should be considered for improvement, such as the native oxide on Ti being bioinert, which only physically contacts with bone tissue, and the mismatch in Young’s modulus between the Ti implant (70–110 GPa) and alveolar bone tissue (3–40 GPa) [6,7]. In order to improve these drawbacks, numerous studies have been done to create functionalized surfaces on Ti implants through different surface modification methods [9,12,13,14]. It is well known that sand-blasting or plasma spraying method is applied to increase the surface roughness of Ti implants [15,16]. An appropriate surface roughness results in an improved mechanical interlock between the Ti implant and bone tissue [17,18]
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